Friday, August 2, 2019

CBSE PORTAL : (Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2016 : Logical Reasoning

CBSE PORTAL : (Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2016 : Logical Reasoning

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(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2016 : Logical Reasoning

Posted: 02 Aug 2019 05:16 AM PDT

(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2016 : Logical Reasoning

Section : V

Direction for Questions 161 - 163:

Read the following information carefully and choose the most appropriate option:

A and B are good in driving bus and car. C and A are good in driving car and scooter. C, D and E are good in driving scooter and tractor. E and C are good in driving scooter and auto rickshaw. D and B are good in driving bus and tractor.

Q.161 Who is good in driving scooter, tractor and auto rickshaw but not good in driving car?

1. A

2. E

3. D

4. C

Q.162 Who is good in driving scooter, tractor and bus?

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. A

Q.163 Who is good in driving tractor, scooter, car and autorickshaw but no t bus?

1. C

2. D

3. B

4. A

Direction for Questions 164 - 166

Read the following information carefully and choose the most appropriate option:

In each question, there is a statement and two assumptions numbered as I and II. Read the statement and find which of the given assumptions is implicit:

(A) If assumption I is implicit.

(B) If assumption II is implicit.

(C) If neither assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit.

(D) If both Assumption I and Assumption II are implicit.

Q.164 Statement: The next meeting of the executive board of a company will be held after six months.

Assumptions:

I. Existing executive board will be dissolved before six months
II. The company will remain in function after six months

1. Neither assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit.

2. Assumption II is implicit.

3. Both Assumption I and Assumption II are implicit.

4. Assumption I is implicit.

Q.165 Statement: In the State of Zuminisia, people prefer to travel by X airline instead of Y airline, as X airline has advanced German security system and 99% on time operations.

Assumptions:

I. Airline X with advanced German security system and record on time operation is perceived better than airline Y.
II. Had advanced German security system and on time performance record of Y airline been implemented, it would have been preferred over airline X.

1. Assumption I is implicit.

2. Neither assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit.

3. Assumption II is implicit.

4. Both Assumption I and Assumption II are implicit.

Q.166 Statement: To attend a convocation ceremony scheduled to be held on Thursday at GM University, Chennai, Mr X left for Chennai on Tuesday by train.

Assumptions:

I. Mr X may reach home on Saturday
II. Mr X may reach the University on Wednesday

1. Assumption I is implicit.

2. Assumption II is implicit.

3. Both Assumption I and Assumption II are implicit.

4. Neither assumption I nor Assumption II is implicit.

Direction for Questions 167 – 168

Read the following information carefully and choose the most appropriate option:

In a joint family, A, B, C, D, E, and F are the members. B is the son of C. A and C are husband and wife. C is not the mother of B. E is the brother of C. D is the daughter of A and F is the brother of B.

Q.167 Which of the following is a pair of females in the family?

1. AE

2. AD

3. DF

4. BD

Q.168 Who is the mother of B?

1. D

2. F

3. A

4. E

Direction for Questions 169 – 170

Read the following information carefully and choose the most appropriate option:

In each of the questions, two statements are numbered as I and II. There may be a cause and effect relationship between the two statements. The statements may be the effect of the same cause or an independent cause. The statements may be independent causes without having any relationship. Read both the statements and mark your answer as:

(A) If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.

(B) If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

(C) If both statements I and II are independent causes.

(D) If both statements I and II are effects of independent causes.

Q.169 Statement I: In last two years, there is a considerable reduction in c ncellation of flights due to fog in North India.

Statement II: In last two years, there is a considerable improvement in passenger amenities on all airports of North India.

1. Both statements I and II are effects of independent causes.

2. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.

3. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

4. Both statements I and II are independent causes.

Q.170 Statement I: The Government, by legislation has decided to make all public information available to general public.

Statement II: Before passing of legislation, general public did not have access to public information.

1. Both statements I and II are independent causes.

2. Statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect.

3. Statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect.

4. Both statements I and II are effects of independent causes.

Direction for Questions 171 - 200: Choose the most appropriate option:

Q.171 Identify the statement which cannot be false.

1. Democracy is the best form of government.

2. Water evaporates at 100° C.

3. All radii of any given circle are of equal length.

4. Myopia is a congenital disorder.

Q.172 An old woman decided to divide her gold among her daughter and d aughters-in-law. She first kept exactly half of the gold for her daughter. Then she divided the rest of her gold among her daughters-in-law. The eldest one got 26 grams more than the youngest daughter-in-law. The middle one got wice as the youngest one. If the eldest daughter-in-law got 66 grams of gold, how much was recieved by the daughter.

1. 198 grams

2. 172 grams

3. 186 grams

4. 194 grams

Q.173 Find the odd one out from the following group.

WINDSHIELD, SPARK PLUG, CLUTCH PEDAL, CAR, ENGINE

1. Car

2. Engine

3. Windshield

4. Spark Plug

Q.174 Four statements are given below. Group two of them in such a way that one is logically incorrect and the other is verifiable as a matter of fact

(a) The Sun does not rise in the East.

(b) A straight line is the shortest distance between any two points.

(c) Every circle has a centre.

(d) The maximum duration of a total solar eclipse is about 7.5 minute s

1. [a,c]

2. [c,d]

3. [a,d]

4. [a,b]

Q.175 This question consists of a related pair of words, followed by four pairs of words. Choose the pair that best represents a similar relations hip as the one expressed in the given pair of words:

SANDERLING : BIRD

1. Mastiff: Dog

2. Cat : Mare

3. Frog : Toad

4. Water : Fish

Q.176 From among the given options, identify the statement which means t he same as the statement 'The dual nature of light is an enigma'.

1. Two contradictory descriptions of light presuppose a third description.

2. Light has distinct properties which makes it unique.

3. Light is mysterious

4. The nature of light is an enigma.

Q.177 Which word in the following group DOES NOT belong to the others?

PROSPER, EXCITE, THRIVE, FLOURISH

1. Prosper

2. Excite

3. Flourish

4. Thrive

Q.178 Examine the following numbers and identify the next number:

45; 43; 40; 36; 31; 25; ....

1. 23

2. 29

3. 17

4. 18

Q.179 If it is true that 'All humans are imperfect', then which one of the following is necessarily true?

1. No humans are imperfect.

2. Some humans are not imperfect.

3. Every human is imperfect.

4. All imperfect beings are humans.

Q.180 If it is false that 'Men always pray to God', then which one of the following statements is true?

1. Men seldom pray to God.

2. Men always pray to God.

3. Some men pray to God.

4. All men pray to God.

Q.181 Geeta is twice the present age of Seema. If age of Seema is 20 years now, how many years ago Geeta was three times Seema's age?

1. 10

2. 8

3. 12

4. 9

Q.182 In certain code MAIL is written as ZNVY then how will FILM be written in that code?

1. SVYZ

2. MLIF

3. NORY

4. XLMP

Q.183 You are given a 60inch long ribbon, and you are instructed to cut 60 1-inch long strips out of this ribbon. The time taken to cut one strip i s one second. So how long will it take to cut 60 strips?

1. 1 minute

2. 1 minute and 1 second

3. 30 seconds

4. 59 seconds

Q.184 If it is true that 'Religious fundamentalism is dangerous to the society', then which one of the following statements can also be true?

1. Disrespect for other religions is dangerous to the society.

2. Religious pluralism is dangerous to the society.

3. Religion without reason is dangerous to the society.

4. Belief in any religion is dangerous to the society.

Q.185 If it is true that 'Good governance implies law and order in society' t hen identify the statement which has to be accepted along with the given statement?

1. An able government very effectively uses laws to promote peace.

2. A healthy society is governed by maximum number of laws.

3. A strong government uses force to impose laws.

4. Law is indispensable for the society.

Q.186 If it is false that 'There is at least one octogenarian in the room', then which one of the following is probable?

1. No one in the room is an octogenarian.

2. All those who are in the room are octogenarians.

3. One person in the room is not an octogenarian.

4. Some people in the room are not octogenarians.

Q.187 A, B, C and D have got some money with them. If A gives 8 rupees to B, B will have as much as C has and A will have 3 rupees less than what C has. Also if A takes 6 rupees from C, A will have twice as much money as D. If B and D together have 50 rupees, how much money does A and B have respectively ?

1. 29, 32

2. 27, 40

3. 32, 29

4. 40, 27

Q.188 Who among the following is the odd one in the following group of persons?Chief Justice of India, Attorney General of India, Solicitor General, Advocate General

1. Chief Justice of India.

2. Advocate General.

3. Solicitor General

4. Attorney General of India.

Q.189 In a bag, there are some diamonds. In another bag, there are one fou rth the number more than the number of diamonds in the first bag. If the difference in the number of diamonds in the first and second bag is 3, how many diamonds are there in the first bag?

1. 10

2. 16

3. 12

4. 8

Q.190 Mr. X, the President of a club arrived in a meeting at 10 minutes to 12 30 hrs. Mr X came earlier by 20 minutes than the other participating members in the meeting, who arrived late by 30 minutes. At what time was the meeting scheduled?

1. 1210 hrs

2. 1220 hrs

3. 1240 hrs

4. 1250 hrs

Q.191 In a class, student X has 8th position from the top and 84th from the bottom. How many students are there in the class?

1. 96

2. 98

3. 91

4. 88

Q.192 There is some relationship between the figures given in the series. F ind out the missing one from the alternatives given below.

Q.193 If Oceans are Deserts, then Waves are:

1. Powerful

2. Ripples

3. Sand Dunes

4. Water

Q.194 Assume that both premises, 'No innocent person should be punished' and 'Socrates is innocent' are true. Then which one of the following options is necessarily true?

1. Socrates may not be punished.

2. Socrates is not punished.

3. It is not proper to punish Socrates.

4. Socrates should not be punished.

Q.195 A 2100 member team consisting of Team Leaders and Athletes is attending a National Athletic Meet. For every 20 Athletes, there is one Team Leader. How many Team Leaders would be there in the team?

1. 100

2. 105

3. 110

4. 95

Q.196 Choose the pair of words from the options that best represents a similar relationship as the one expressed in the following pair of word s.

WAITER: RESTAURANT

1. Driver : Car

2. Teacher : School

3. Author : Book

4. Actor : Acting

Q.197 Examine the series and identify the missing number:

46, 44, 40, 38, 34, ...

1. 26

2. 32

3. 28

4. 30

Q.198 Identify the argument which cannot be accepted

1. All unmarried women are spinsters. Therefore, all spinsters are women.

2. All wives are married. Therefore, all married people are wives.

3. All equilateral triangles are equiangular. Therefore, all equiangul ar triangles are equilateral.

4. All rainy days are wet days. Therefore, all wet days are rainy day s.

Q.199 Identify the statement which cannot be true.

1. Snow is white.

2. All bachelors are faithful to their wives.

3. Black body radiation is a physical phenomenon.

4. Every natural number has a successor.

Q.200 If it is false that 'Animals are seldom aggressive', then which one of t he following statements conveys the same meaning?

1. All animals are always aggressive.

2. All animals are aggressive.

3. At least one animal is aggressive.

4. Sometimes animals are aggressive.

Answer Key

161 2
162 2
163 1
164 2
165 1
166 2
167 2
168 3
169 1
170 3
171 3
172 3
173 1
174 3
175 1
176 4
177 2
178 4
179 3
180 1
181 1
182 1
183 4
184 1
185 1
186 1
187 4
188 1
189 3
190 1
191 3
192 4
193 3
194 4
195 1
196 2
197 2
198 2
199 2
200 4

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(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2016 : Elementary Mathematics ( Numerical Ability )

Posted: 02 Aug 2019 05:08 AM PDT



(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2016 : Elementary Mathematics ( Numerical Ability )

Section : III



Direction for Questions 91-110: Choose the most appropriate option:

Q.91 The number of 'three digit numbers' which are multiples of 9 are:

1. 98

2. 101

3. 100

4. 99

Q.92 The value of a machine depreciates every year at the rate of 10% on its value at the beginning of that year. If the present value of the machine is Rs. 729, its worth three years ago was:

1. Rs. 947.70

2. Rs. 1,000

3. Rs. 750.87

4. Rs. 800

Q.93 The angle subtended by the Minor segment of a circle at the center is __________ the angle subtended by the Major segment at the center of the circle.

1. greater than

2. not related to

3. equal to

4. lesser than

Q.94 What is the sum of all the natural numbers from 1 to 100?

1. 5000

2. 5050

3. 6000

4. 5052

Q.95 A part of monthly hostel charges is fixed and the remaining depends on the number of days one has taken food in the mess. When a student A takes food for 20 days, she has to pay Rs. 1000 as hostel char ges whereas a student B, who takes food for 26 days, pays Rs. 1180 as hostel charges. Find the fixed charges and the cost of food per day.

1. 300, 30

2. 400, 40

3. 200, 20

4. 400, 30

Q.96 A library has an average of 510 visitors on Sundays and 240 on other days. What is the average number of visitors per day in the month of June beginning with a Sunday?

1. 250

2. 280

3. 285

4. 276

Q.97 12 defective pens are accidentally mixed with 132 good ones. It is not possible to just look at a pen and tell whether or not it is defective. One pen is taken out at random from this lot. Determine the probability that the pen taken out is a good one.

1. 7/12

2. 11/12

3. 10/12

4. 9/12

Q.98 A man earns Rs. 20 on the first day and spends Rs. 15 on the next day. He again earns Rs. 20 on the third day and spends Rs. 15 on the fourth day. If he continues to save in this way, how soon will he have Rs. 60 in hand?

1. on 27th day

2. on 24th day

3. on 12th day

4. on 17th day

Q.99 60 kg of an alloy X is mixed with 100 kg of an alloy Y. If alloy X has lead and tin in the ratio of 3:2 and alloy Y has tin and copper in the ratio of 1:4, then the amount of tin in the new alloy is

1. 53 kgs.

2. 80 kgs

3. 36 kgs.

4. 44 kgs.

Q.100 Two consecutive even positive integers, sum of the squares of which is 1060 are:

1. 12 and 14

2. 22 and 24

3. 20 and 22

4. 16 and 18

Q.101 The traffic lights at three different signal points change after every 45 seconds, 75 seconds and 90 seconds respectively. If all change simultaneously at 7:20:15 hours, then they will change again simultaneously at

1. 7:27:30 hours

2. 7:28:00 hours

3. 7:27:50 hours

4. 7:27:45 hours

Q.102 A circular park, 42 m in diameter, has a path 3.5 m wide running around it on the outside. Find the cost of gravelling the path at Rs. 4 per m2

1. Rs. 1672

2. Rs. 1652

3. Rs. 2002

4. Rs. 2048

Q.103 A train which is moving at an average speed of 40 kmph, reaches its destination on time. When its average speed reduces to 35 kmph, then it reaches its destination 15 minutes late. The distance travelled b y the train is:

1. 80 kms

2. 40 kms

3. 70 kms

4. 30 kms

Q.104 4 The mean of 72 items was found to be 63. If two of the items were misrecorded as 27 and 9 instead of 72 and 90 respectively, find the correct mean.

1. 64.75

2. 64.25

3. 63.25

4. 65.75

Q.105 A man buys Rs. 20 shares paying 9% dividend. The man expects to have an interest of 12% on his money. The market value of each share is

1. Rs. 18

2. Rs. 15

3. Rs. 12

4. Rs. 21

Q.106 A patient in a hospital is given soup daily in a cylindrical bowl of dia meter 7 cm. If the bowl is filled with soup to a height of 4 cm, how much soup the hospital has to prepare daily to serve 250 patients?

1. 40 litres

2. 38 litres

3. 38.5 litres

4. 39.5 litres

Q.107 The angles between the hands of a clock when the time is 4:25 am is:

1. 14 1⁄2 degrees

2. 12 1⁄2 degrees

3. 17 1⁄2 degrees

4. 13 1⁄2 degrees

Q.108 A shop gives 15% discount on the purchase of a T.V. If paid for in cash immediately, a further discount of 12% is given. If the marked price is Rs. 15,000, what is the price of the T.V if cash purchase is made?

1. Rs. 12,750

2. Rs. 11,220

3. Rs. 10,950

4. Rs. 11,475

Q.109 If a boy is standing at the top of the tower and another boy is at the ground at some distance from the foot of the tower, then the angle of elevation and depression between the boys when both look at each other will be

1. Angle of elevation will be greater

2. Cannot be predicted for relation

3. Angle of depression will be greater

4. Equal

Q.110 If the product of zeroes of the polynomial ax2 - 6x - 6 is 4, find the value of 'a'

1. -3/2

2. -1/2

3. 3/2

4. 1/2

Answer Key

91 3
92 2
93 4
94 2
95 4
96 3
97 2
98 4
99 4
100 2
101 4
102 3
103 3
104 1
105 2
106 3
107 3
108 2
109 4
110 1

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(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2019 : Logical Reasoning

Posted: 02 Aug 2019 04:53 AM PDT

 


(Paper) Previous Year Question Paper (BA LLB) - 2019

Section - V : Logical Reasoning


161. If in English Alphabet 'e‘ and every alternate letter from 'e‘ onwards is written in Capitals,then how will sixth month from March will be coded
(A) SEPTEmbER 
(B) SEptEMbEr
(C) SepTeMber 
(D) SEPtEmbER

162. If in a certain code, 'Clever; is written as 'XOVEVI‘, then 'Smart‘ would written as
(A) HZNGI 
(B) HNZIG
(C) GHNGI 
(D) GIHZN

163. Fill in the blank  :
Q4RT, ___________ , QRT6, QR7T,  Q8RT
(A) QTR7
(B) QR5T
(C) RQ9T
(D) TRQ6

164. Fill in the blank :
257, 291, ________, 365, 405
(A) 313
(B) 322
(C) 327 
(D) 343

165. Manoj walks a distance of 5 meters towards North, then he turns to east and walks a distance of 10 meters. Then he turns to his right and covers a distance of 15 meters. He then turns to his left and covers a distance of 15 meters. Which direction is he facing now? 
(A) North
(B) East
(C) West 
(D) South

166. A man introduces a girl  as the daughter of the sister of his father. How the girl is related to the man
(A) Daughter
(B) Niece
(C) Grand daughter 
(D) Cousin

Read the following information for questions 167 to 170 and chose the most appropriate option:

P and Q are good in driving Motor cycle and Jeep. R and P are good in driving Jeep and  Lorry. R, S and T are good in driving Motor Cycle and Lorry. T and R are good in driving Bus and Tempo. S and Q are good in driving Bus and Jeep.

167. Who is good in driving motorcycle, lorry and tempo?
(A) P
(B) Q
(C) T 
(D) S

168. Who is good in driving motor Cycle, Jeep and Lorry but not bus?
(A) R 
(B) S
(C) P 
(D) T

169. Who is good in driving Tempo, Motor Cycle, Lorry but not Jeep?
(A) S 
(B) T
(C) R
(D) Q

170. Who is good in driving all the vehicles?
(A) R
(B) P
(C) S 
(D) T

171. In a bag there are some gold coins. In another bag there are 1/3rd extra gold coins as compared to first bag. If the difference in the number of gold coins in first and second bag is 5, then how many coins are there in the first bag?
(A) 7 
(B) 9
(C) 13
(D) 15

Examine the following numbers and identify the next number:
172. 53, 50, 45, 38, 29, _____
(A) 11 
(B) 17
(C) 18 
(D) 21

173. 20, 30, 42, 56,  72, ____
(A) 82
(B) 90
(C) 92 
(D) 94

174. The words in the bottom row are related in the same way as the words in the top row. Fill in the blank.
Rose, Flower, Plant
Flat, House, ………….
(A) City 
(B) Tent
(C) Building 
(D) Village

175. If Ocean: Waves, then Desert : ——————
(A) Water
(B) Sand
(C) Brave
(D) Sand dunes

176. If 1x7 = 8, 2x7 = 16, 3x7 = 24, 4x7 = 32, then what is value of 9x7?
(A) 63 
(B) 72
(C) 81 
(D) 90

177. Find the odd one out :
Onlookers, Theatre goers, Queue, Spectators
(A) Onlookers 
(B) Theatre goers
(C) Queue 
(D) Spectators

178. Find the odd one​​​​​​​ out :
Heart, Lungs, Kidney, Skin, Liver
(A) Skin 
(B) Lungs
(C) Heart 
(D) Kidney
 

179. Find the odd-man out:
(A) http://www.scholar.google.com
(B) http://www.manupatra.com
(C) http://www.lexisnexis.com 
(D) http://www.westlawindia.com

180. Find the odd one out:
Symphony, Orchestra, Guitar, Mob
(A) Guitar 
(B) Orchestra
(C) Mob 
(D) Symphony

Instructions for Question 181  to Question 185: Read the information given below to answer the questions.
(i) Mohan‘s reading schedule consists of reading only subject on a given day of the week.
(ii) The subjects are Physics, Chemistry, Mathematics, Biology, and Social Science.
(iii) Monday to Saturday are reading days including one day only for play. Sunday is a complete holiday for Mohan.
(iv) Mathematics day is neither on the first day nor on the last day but earlier than the Chemistry day.
(v) Biology day is on the immediate next day of Chemistry day.
(vi) Physics day is on the immediate previous day of the play day.
(vii) Biology day and Social Science day have a gap of two days between them.
(viii) Social Science day is on the immediate next day of the play day.

181. Which of the following day is the play day?
(A) Monday 
(B) Tuesday
(C) Wednesday 
(D) Thursday

182. Physics day and Biology day have a gap of how many days between them?
(A) One 
(B) Two
(C) Three 
(D) Four

183. Which day is Social Science day?
(A) Monday 
(B) Tuesday
(C) Wednesday
(D) Thursday

184. Which day is Mathematics day?
(A) Monday 
(B) Tuesday
(C) Wednesday
(D) Thursday

185. Which of the following is the correct statement?
(A) Biology day is after Chemistry day
(B) Physics day is on Wednesday
(C) Play day is on Monday
(D) Chemistry day is earlier than Physics day

Instructions for Question 186 to Question 190: Read the information given below to answer the questions.
A, B, C, D, E, F, G and H want to have a dinner on a round table and they have worked out the following seating arrangements.
(a) A will sit beside C.
(b) H will sit beside A.
(c) C will sit beside E.
(d) F will sit beside H.
(e) E will sit beside G.
(f) D will sit beside F.
(g) G will sit beside B.
(h) B will sit beside D.

186. Which of the following is wrong?
(A) A will be to the immediate right of C
(B) D will be to the immediate left of B
(C) E will be to the immediate right of A
(D) F will be to the immediate left of D

187. Which of the following is correct?
(A) B will be to the immediate left of D
(B) H will be to the immediate right of A
(C) C will be to the immediate right of F
(D) B will be to the immediate left of H

188. A and F will become neighbours if:
(A) B agrees to change her sitting position
(B) C agrees to change her sitting position
(C) G agrees to change her sitting position
(D) H agrees to change her sitting position

189. During sitting:
(A) A will be directly facing C 
(B) B will be directly facing C
(C) A will be directly facing B
(D) B will be directly facing D

190. H will be sitting between:
(A) C and B
(B) A and F
(C) D and C 
(D) E and G

Instructions for Question 191 to Question 193: Choose the set of three statements where the third statement can be logically derived from the preceding two.

191. Statements:
1. Some students love reading.
2. Some adults do not love reading.
3. Some students are not adult.
4. Some students are adult.
5. No reading lover is an adult.
6. Some men do not love reading.
The set of statements is:
(A) 1, 3, 4 
(B) 1, 5, 3
(C) 1, 2, 4 
(D) 6, 2, 4

192. Statements:
1. All boys need books.
2. All girls need books.
3. Punjabis are girls.
4. Some Punjabis need book.
5. All boys are girls.
6. Some boys are Punjabis.
The set of statements is:
(A) 5, 4, 1
(B) 2, 5, 3
(C) 6, 5, 3 
(D) 5, 2, 1

193. Statemen ts:
1. All human beings need education.
2. All teachers need training.
3. Education is provided by the teachers.
4. X is a teacher.
5. X needs training.
6. Students are future of a nation.
The set of statements is:
(A) 1, 2, 5 
(B) 2, 3, 4
(C) 2, 4, 5
(D) 4, 5, 6

Instructions for Question 194 to Question 196:
Each of the following questions has a main statement followed by four statements: 1, 2, 3, 4.Choose the ordered pair of statements where the first statement implies the second, and the two statements are logically consistent with the main statement.

194. Main statement: Only if the teaching standard is destroyed, will examination result be poor.
1. Examination result is poor.
2. Teaching standard is not destroyed.
3. Examination result is not poor.
4. Teaching standard is destroyed.
The ordered pair of statements is:
(A) 2, 3 
(B) 2, 4
(C) 1, 3 
(D) 1, 2

195. Main statement: The computer will not work if operating system fails.
1. Operating system fails.
2. Operating system does not fail.
3. The computer does not work.
4. The computer works.
The ordered pair of statements is:
(A) 2, 1
(B) 2, 3
(C) 1, 4 
(D) 4, 2

196. Main statement: Either X or Y will take the only computer in the room.
1. X took the computer.
2. Y did not take the computer.
3. X did not take the computer.
4. Y took the computer.
The ordered pair of statements is:
(A) 3, 1
(B) 1, 3
(C) 4, 3 
(D) 1, 2

197. 'All men are mortal and Victoria is a woman and hence Victoria is mortal‘. This statement is:
(A) Logically Valid 
(B) Logically Invalid
(C) Logically True
(D) Logically False

198. All men are chairs. John Doe is a  man. In logical language, therefore:
(A) John Doe is a chair
(B) John Doe is a human being and therefore he cannot be a chair
(C) A man cannot be a chair in any case
(D) Chairs can be men

199. Identify the missing number:
1 and 3, 4 and 6, 7 and 9, …. and 12
(A) 10 
(B) 11
(C) 12 
(D) 13

200. Cobra: Snake  :: Greyhound : ____________
(A) Eagle 
(B) Black Mamba
(C) Python
(D) Dog

Answer Key:

1. (b), 2. (b), 3. (b), 4. (c), 5. (b), 6. (d), 7. (c), 8. (c), 9. (b), 10. (a), 11. (d), 12. (c), 13. (b), 14. (c), 15. (d), 16. (b), 17. (c), 18. (a), 19. (a), 20. (c), 21. (b), 22. (d), 23. (c), 24. (d), 25. (a), 26. (c), 27. (b), 28. (d), 29. (c), 30. (b), 31. (b), 32. (d), 33. (c), 34. (a), 35. (d), 36. (d), 37. (b), 38. (a), 39. (a), 40. (d)

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(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2019 : Legal Aptitude

Posted: 02 Aug 2019 04:27 AM PDT

 


(Paper) Previous Year Question Paper (BA LLB) - 2019

Section - IV : Legal Aptitude


This section consists of fifty (50) questions. Each question consists of legal principle(s) (hereinafter referred to as 'principle') and facts. Such proposition may or may not be true in the real and legal sense, yet you have to conclusively assume them to be true for the purposes of this section. Principles have to be applied to the given facts to arrive at the most reasonable conclusion. Only one of the alternatives, i.e., (A), (B), (C), or (D) is the most reasonable conclusion. In other words, in answering the following questions, you must not rely on any principle except the principles that are given herein below for every question. Further you must not assume any facts other than those stated in the question. The objective of this section is to test your ability in legal aptitude, study of law, research aptitude and problem solving ability even if the 'most reasonable conclusion' arrived at may be absurd or unacceptable for any other reason. 

111. Principle:Acceptance of proposal must be the exact mirror image of the proposal.
Facts: 'A' made a proposal to 'B' to sell a chair for Rs. 500. 'B' is desirous of buying the said chair for Rs. 400.
(A) B has accepted the proposal of A.
(B) B has not accepted the proposal of A.
(C) It is not clear if B has accepted the proposal of A.
(D) It is not clear whether A made a proposal to B.

112. Principle:An agreement with a  boy below the age of eighteen years is not enforceable by law.
Facts: A man entered into an agreement with a girl of seventeen years of age.
(A) The agreement is enforceable by law.
(B) The agreement is not enforceable by law.
(C) The agreement is enforceable by the girl.
(D) No inference can be drawn.

113. Principle:Sale of liquor is illegal. All  agreements relating to prohibited items do not exist in the eyes of law.
Facts: 'A' entered into an agreement with 'B' for the sale of liquor. 'A' failed to supply
the agreed quantity of liquor to B.
(A) B can bring a legal action against A.
(B) B cannot bring any legal action against A.
(C) A can bring a legal action against B.
(D) A and B can initiate appropriate legal proceeding against each other

114. Principle:The communication of  a proposal is complete when it comes to the knowledge of the  person to whom it is made.
Facts: 'A' sent a letter making a proposal to 'B' to purchase the house of B.
(A) The communication of proposal is complete when A sent the letter.
(B) The communication of proposal is complete when B's wife received it.
(C) The communication of proposal is complete when B's wife handed over the letter to B.
(D) The communication of proposal is complete when B reads the letter.

115. Principle:An agreement may be entered into orally, in writing, or by conduct.
Facts: 'A' went to the shop of 'B' and picked a tooth brush and gave a cheque of Rupees twenty to B and left the shop.
(A) A entered into an agreement with B.
(B) A did not enter into an agreement with B.
(C) Payment of tooth brush cannot be made through a cheque.
(D) A should have carried a currency note of Rupees twenty to make the payment.

116. Principle:Property consists of right to posses, right    to use, right to alienate and right to exclude others. Sale is complete when property gets transferred from the seller to the buyer.
Facts: 'A' sold his car to 'B' B requested A to keep the car in his care on behalf B for one month. A agreed.
(A) Sale of car is complete.
(B) Sale of car is not complete.
(C) Sale will be completed when B keeps the car in his own care.
(D) Sale will be automatically completed after the expiry of one month.

117. Principle:A person, who is usually mad, but occasionally not mad, may make a contract when he is not mad.
Facts: 'A' generally remains in the state of madness and rarely becomes capable of understanding anything.
(A) A can make a contract.
(B) A can never make a contract.
(C) A can make a contract at any time whenever he pleases.
(D) A can make a contract only for his own benefit.

118. Principle:An agreement without free consent can be enforced only at the option of the party whose consent was not free.
Facts: A obtains the consent of B to enter into an agreement by putting a gun on the head of B's girl friend.
(A) B can enforce the agreement.
(B) B cannot enforce the agreement.
(C) A can enforce the agreement.
(D) Neither A nor B can enforce the agreement.

119. Principle:Where one of the parties to a contract was in position to dominate the decision of the other party, the contract is enforceable only at the option of the party who was in a position to dominate decision of the other party. 
Facts: A doctor asked his patient to make a payment of Rs. 10,00,000/- (Ten Lac Only) for treatment of his fever. The patient paid an amount of Rs. 5,00,000/- (Five Lac Only) and promised to pay the remaining amount after the treatment. After treatment the patient recovered from fever. The doctor demanded the remaining amount from the patient. The patient refused to pay.
(A) The contract is enforceable against the doctor.
(B) The contract is enforceable against the patient.
(C) The contract is not enforceable.
(D) The contract is not enforceable against the patient.

120. Principle:When, at the desire one person, any other person has done or abstained  from doing something, such act or abstinence or promise is called a consideration for the promise.
Facts: X, the uncle of Y, made a promise to pay him an amount of Rs. 1,00,000/- as reward if Y quits smoking and drinking within one year. Y quit smoking and drinking within six months.
(A) Consideration has moved from the side of X.
(B) Consideration has moved from the side of Y.
(C) No consideration has moved from the side of Y.
(D) Quitting smoking and drinking cannot be a consideration.

121. Principle: Law never enforces an impossible promise.
Facts: 'A' made a promise to 'B' to discover treasure by magic.
(A) Law will enforce the promise.
(B) Law will not enforce the promise.
(C) Law will enforce the promise only at the option of A.
(D) Law will enforce the promise only at the option of B.

122. Principle:When a person who has made a promise to another person to  do something does not fulfill his promise, another person becomes entitled to receive, from the person who did not fulfill his promise, compensation in the form of money. 
Facts: X made a promise to Y to repair his car engine. Y made the payment for repair. After the repair, Y went for a drive in the same car. While driving the car, Y met with an accident due to bursting of the tyre. 
(A) X will be entitled to receive compensation from Y in the form of money
(B) Y will be entitled to receive compensation from X in the form of money
(C) X will not be entitled to receive compensation
(D) Y will not be entitled to receive compensation from X 

123. Principle:Whoever takes away any moveable thing from the land of any person without that person's consent is said to commit theft.
Facts: During his visit to the home of C, A asks B, the son of C, to accompany A to a forest. Neither A nor B inform C in this regard. B accompanies A to the forest.
(A) A has committed theft.
(B) A has not committed theft.
(C) A has committed theft as soon as he entered the home of C.
(D) A has not committed theft till B did not accompany him.

124. Principle:Nothing is an offence if it is done in good faith for the purpose of preventing or avoiding greater harm or damage to person or property. 
Facts: A jumps into a swimming pool to save a boy from drowning. While pulling the boy from water A was hit by C. A left the boy in the water and attacked C. The boy died in the water.
(A) A has not committed the offence of killing the boy.
(B) A has committed the offence of killing the boy.
(C) The boy has committed the offence of suicide.
(D) The boy has committed the offence of drowning.

125. Principle:Causing of an effect partly by an act and partly by an omission is an offence.
Facts: A did not provide any food to his daughter D. He also confined D in a room.Consequently, D died.
(A) A committed the offence of not providing food to D.
(B) A committed the offence of confining D.
(C) A committed the offence of killing D.
(D) A committed no offence.

126. Principle:Nothing is an offence which is done in the exercise of the right of private defence. Nothing is an offence which is done in madness.
Facts: A, under the influence of madness, attempts to kill B. B to save his life kills A.
(A) A has committed the offence of attempt to murder
(B) A has committed an offence of being mad
(C) B has committed an offence
(D) B has not committed an offence

127. Principle:A man is guilty of not only for what he actually does but also for the consequences of his doing.
Facts: A wanted to kill the animal of B. He saw B standing with his animal and fired a gun shot at the animal. The gun shot killed B.
(A) A is guilty of killing B.
(B) A is not guilty of killing B.
(C) B is guilty of standing with the animal.
(D) A did not know that the gun shot will kill B.
 
128. Principle:Mere silence as to facts likely to affect the decision of a person to enter into a contract is not fraud.
Facts: A sells to B (A's daughter who is a minor) a horse which A knows to be unsound. A says nothing to B about the unsoundness of the horse.
(A) A has committed fraud
(B) A has committed no fraud
(C) There cannot be a contract between a father and daughter
(D) The daughter did not ask therefore the father did not tell, hence no fraud

129. Principle:Whoever attempts to commit the offence of cheating, commits an offence. 
Facts: A with an intention to defraud B, obtains from him an amount of Rs. 500.
(A) A has committed no offence
(B) A has committed the offence of cheating
(C) A has attempted to commit the offence of cheating
(D) A has attempted to commit and has committed the offence of cheating

130. Principle:Whoever by words publishes any imputation  concerning any person is said to defame that person.
Facts: During a marriage ceremony, A circulated a pamphlet saying sister of the bride 'S'is a thief, she has stolen the shoes of the bridegroom.
(A) A defamed S 
(B) A did not defame S
(C) A defamed the bridegroom 
(D) A defamed the bride

131. Principle:An employer is liable for an injury caused to an employee in the course of the employment.
Facts: 'A' and 'B' were working in a factory as unskilled laborers. A was carrying a basket of stones on his head. B was sitting on the ground. When A crossed B, all of a sudden a stone fell down from the basket and hit B on his head. B died instantaneously.
(A) The employer will be liable
(B) The employer will not be liable
(C) A will be liable
(D) Both employer and A will be liable

132. Principle:Damages the money recompense, as far as money  can do, for the loss suffered by a person.
Facts: A, an Indian citizen, having a right to vote, was not allowed to cast his vote on the polling booth, by the returning officer. Name of A was mentioned in the voter's list. A has also reported at the polling booth in time. However, the candidate in whose favor A would have cast his vote won the election. A filed a suit claiming damages.
(A) A will be entitled to damages
(B) A will not be entitled to damages
(C) A will be entitled to only nominal damages
(D) A will be entitled to exemplary damages

133. Principle:When a party to a contract has refused to perform, or disabled himself from performing, his promise in its entirety, the other party shall not put an end to the contract.
Facts: A engaged B on April 12 to enter his service on June 1, but on May 11, A wrote to B that his services would not be needed. On May 22, B joined C for employment.
(A) B cannot put the contract to an end.
(B) B can put the contract to an end.
(C) C can put his contract with B to an end.
(D) A must pay damages to B.

134. Principle:Everyone shall be permitted to take advantage of  his own wrong.
Facts: A legatee was heavily drunk and driving his car at a speed of 100 Km/per hour in a crowded market. All of a sudden his testator came on the road. There were other people on the road at that time. The car driven by legatee hit the testator and four other persons. All the five persons hit by the car died.
(A) The legatee can take the benefit under the will
(B) The legatee cannot take the benefit under the will
(C) The legatee will be punished
(D) The property of the testator will go to his heirs

135. Principle: Property can be transferred only by a living person to another living person.
Facts: 'A' transfers property of which he is the owner in favor of the unborn child of B.
(A) Property has been transferred to the unborn child
(B) Property has been transferred to B
(C) Property has not been transferred to the unborn child
(D) Property will be transferred to the unborn child after his birth 

136. Principle:An interest created, dependent upon a condition fails, if the fulfillment of the condition is impossible.
Facts: A promises to pay Rs. Ten Lakh to B on condition that he shall marry A's daughter C. At the date on which A gave Rs. Ten Lac to B, C was dead.
(A) B's interest fails
(B) B's interest fails because of immorality
(C) B's interest fails because of prohibition by law
(D) B's interest does not fail

137. Principle:A condition must be complied with after the happening of the event to which such a condition is attached.
Facts: A promises to pay Rs. 5,000 to B on the condition that he shall marry with the consent of C, D and E. B marries without the consent of C, D and E, but obtains their consent after the marriage.
(A) B has fulfilled the condition
(B) B has not fulfilled the condition
(C) The condition is illegal
(D) B must divorce his wife

138. Principle:A condition must be complied in order to claim the benefit of an agreement.
Facts: A agrees to transfer a farm to B, if B shall not go to England within three years after the date of the agreement, his interest in the farm shall cease. B does not go to England within the term prescribed.
(A) B's interest in the farm continues
(B) B's interest in the farm does not continue
(C) B has a fundamental right to go to England or not to go to England and hence the condition is illegal
(D) The agreement between A and B is void

139. Principle:Existence of all the alleged facts is relevant whether they occurred at the same time and place or at different times and places.
Facts: A, a citizen of England, is accused of committing murder of B in India by taking part in a conspiracy hatched in England.
(A) The facts that A accused of commission of murder and of conspiracy are relevant facts
(B) Only the fact that A is accused of committing murder of B is relevant
(C) Only the fact that A is accused of conspiracy hatched in England is relevant
(D) A citizen of England cannot be tried in India

140. Principle: One who asserts must prove.
Facts: A desires a Court to give judgment that B, C and D shall be punished for a crime which A says B, C and D have committed.
(A) A must prove that B, C and D were present at the place of crime
(B) A must prove that B, C and D have committed the crime
(C) B, C and D must prove that they have not committed the crime
(D) Police must prove that B, C and D have committed the crime

141. Principle:Foreign judgment binds the parties and is conclusive unless it is obtained by fraud.
Facts: A obtains judgment from US court by producing fake documents.
(A) New Suit can be filed in India on the same facts
(B) Judgment can be enforced in US
(C) Judgment can be enforced in India
(D) New suit can not be filed in India on same facts

142. Principle:Decision of Court is Null and Void, if it is given by court which does not have jurisdiction over the subject matter.
Facts: A obtains decision from a court which did not have jurisdiction to deal with the subject matter.
(A) Decision can be enforced because both the parties were present
(B) Decision cannot be enforced because decision is null and void
(C) Decision can be enforced because it is given a court
(D) Decision can be enforced

143. Principle:Civil Suit can be filed where defendant resides   or carries on business or where cause of action arises.
Facts: 'A' carries on business in Gurgaon, 'B' carries on Business in Mumbai. 'B' through his agent in Gurgaon purchases goods in Gurgaon and takes delivery through agent in Gurgaon. Where Civil Suit for payment of price can be filed by 'A'?
(A) Gurgaon only where cause of action arises
(B) At Mumbai where B carries on Business
(C) At either of the places i.e. Mumbai or Gurgaon
(D) Anywhere in India

144. Principle:Civil Suit can be filed where defendant resides or carries on business or where cause of action arises.
Facts: An agreement is signed and executed in New Delhi between A and B for supply of goods wherein B is to supply goods to be delivered at New Dehli to client of A. A carries on business at Haryana and B carries on Business in UP. Civil suit by 'B' for payment of consideration can be filed against 'A' at 
(A) Only at New Delhi, where cause of action arises
(B) Only at Haryana where 'A' carries on business
(C) Only at UP where 'B' carries on business
(D) At Haryana or at New Delhi

145. Principle:No court can execute the decisions unless it is having territorial jurisdiction over the property or the person against whom decision is to be executed. The Court which gave the decision can transfer the matter to the court which has the  territorial jurisdiction over the person or property.
Facts: A decision is given by court at New Delhi on a contractual matter against X in a suit between X and Y. X is resident of Maharashtra and he has properties in Maharasthra and Gujarat.
(A) New Delhi court can transfer the proceedings to Court at Maharashtra only
(B) New Delhi court can execute the decision because it had the jurisdiction to decide the matter so it can execute also
(C) New Delhi court can transfer the proceedings to court at Gujarat only
(D) New Delhi court can transfer the proceedings to either of the courts i.e. Maharasthra or Gujarat

146. Principle:Nothing is an offence by reason of any harm it may cause to another person, if it is done in good faith and for the benefit of that person even without that person's consent.
Facts: A is attacked by a Lion and Lion drags him while he is crying for help. B, a passer by picks up A's gun in good faith and fires at Lion which injures A. B has never used the gun before.
(A) B is liable for the injury because he knew that he can injure A as he has never used any gun before
(B) B is not liable as he has done the act in good faith
(C) B is liable because he has not taken A's consent before firing
(D) B is liable because he has used A's gun without his consent

147. Principle:Nothing is an offence if it is done under intoxication and the person commiting the​​​​​​​ offence was incapable to understand the nature of the Act. Intoxication should be without knowledge or against the will of the person.
Facts: A, B and C were having a party in Bar where A pursuaded B and C to take alcoholic drinks. On the persistent pursuation B and C also consumed alcohol along with A. B and C had never consumed alcohol before. After intoxiation, there was some argument between B and C where C pushed B with full force causing serious injury to B.
(A) C is liable
(B) C is not liable because he was intoxicated
(C) A is liable because A pursuaded them to consume alcohol whereas they had never consumed alcohol
(D) A and C both are liable 

148. Principle:Everyone has the right of private defence to defend his body and property by use of reasonable force unless that person had time to have recourse to protection of public authorities.
Facts: X receives information at 5.00 pm that Y along with few friends is planning to burn his crop at midnight which is ready to be harvested. He does not inform the village Police Station which was just one kilometer away. He gathers his family members and directs them to collect some weapons in the form of swords and lathis to protect his field/crop. At around 11.00 pm Y and his aides attack the crop and a severe fight ensues wherein Y is seriously injured. 
(A) X is not liable as he was exercising his right of private defence
(B) X and his family are not liable for the injuries caused as they were exercising the right of private defence
(C) X is liable
(D) X and his family is liable as they have not informed the police

149. Principle:Anyone who induces or attempts to induce a voter to vote in a particular manner on the ground that the voter will face divine displeasure, shall be guilty of offence of interfering with free exercise of right to vote.
Facts: During election campaign period one candidate X told the voters that if they do not vote for her, voters will be cursed because the election candidate is the God's own child and those who do not vote for her, they will not be liked by God.
(A) X has committed an offence
(B) X has not committed an offence because she only narrated what she felt
(C) X has not committed an offence because she has freedom of speech and expression
(D) X has not committed an offence because she did not compel anyone to vote for her

150. Principle:Doing of an act which causes common injury, danger or annoyance to public or which is likely to cause such injury or annoyance is Public nuisance. A common nuisance is not excused because it causes some nuisance or advantage.
Facts: 'A' a farmer having large farmlands burns crop residue (stubble) on his fields after harvesting the crop to make the field ready for next crop as this is the easy, fast and convenient method of making the field ready for next crop. His farmlands are adjoining a densely inhabited residential area and people pass through the smoke while travelling on the road adjoining his farmlands. The smoke caused by fire also enters the houses in the colony 
(A) A has not committed any offence since he does not cause any specific injury to any specific person
(B) A has not committed any offence because he does not gain any advantage from persons living in the vicinity
(C) A has committed public nuisance
(D) A has not committed any offence because the alleged acts are done on the fields owned and used by him and acts are done without any intention to cause harm.

151. Principle:Death caused by rash or negligent act of a person is an offence. 
Facts: X was driving his SUV car in a lonely road leading to a forest at 160 km per hour. Suddenly, someone appears from the forest on the road and in the resultant accident, the car hits the commuter causing his death.
(A) X is not guilty of an offence as the accident has occurred on a lonely road
(B) X is not guilty because there was no intention to kill the deceased
(C) X is guilty of an offence death by rash or negligent act
(D) X is not guilty because he was also injured in the accident

152. Principle:Whoever causes death by rash or negligent act commits an offence.
Facts: X is having a house on the roadside which is also having a street on the back of the house. He has a lawn on the back of his house where he has built a toilet. To prevent the intruders from entering his house, he got the fence charged with a high voltage live electric wire. Z was passing through the street at the backyard of the house of X and sat down to take rest near the fence. While getting up, his hands came in contact with the fence which was connected to high voltage electric wire causing his death.
(A) X has not committed any offence because he has right to prevent trespass
(B) X has committed an offence of causing death by rash and negligent act
(C) X has committed no offence because he does not have any enmity with X
(D) X has committed an offence of Murder

153. Principle:Killing is not murder, if it is committed in a sudden fight without pre-meditation in a heat of passion upon a sudden quarrel.
Facts: X and Y were buying liquor from a liquor shop at 7 pm. Y abused X and there was quarrel between them. X told Y that he will not spare him and Y shouted that his house is adjoining the shop only and if X had the guts, he can come anytime. X went back to his shop which was nearby, procured a knife and went to Y's residence at 9 pm and stabbed him to death.
(A) X has committed murder
(B) X has not committed an offence of murder since it was committed in sudden fight in a heat of passion
(C) X has not committed murder of Y because he had no enimity with Y
(D) X has committed no offence 

154. Principle:Use of criminal force intentionally knowing that it​​​​​​​ would cause or is likely to cause injury or annoyance to the person against whom force is used, is an offence.
Facts: X, a renowned social worker who had launched a movement for liberation of women, pulls up a Muslim women's veil in public in good faith without her consent causing annoyance to her.
(A) X is a renowned social worker and he has committed no offence because his motive was good
(B) X acted in good faith to liberate her from clutches of tradition and has hence has committed no offence
(C) X has done the act in public and not in secrecy therefore had not committed any offence
(D) X has committed an offence by use of criminal force

155. Principle:Inducing any animal to move or to change its    motion and thereby intentionally causing fear of injury or annoyance to others by such act, is an offence of use of criminal force.
Facts: X incites his dog to chase and run after his neighbour Y, to teach Y to stay away from him. The act is done without neighbour' consent and against his will
(A) X has committed no offence
(B) X has committed no offence because no harm is caused to Y
(C) X has committed no offence because he intention only to put fear in the mind of Y
(D) X has committed an offence of use of criminal force

156. Principle:A spouse is not permitted to put in evidence in any  court, any communication during marriage between the spouses without the consent of the person who made the communication.
Facts: X who is the wife of Y saw her husband (Y) coming out of the neighbour's house at 6.00 am in the morning. Y told his wife X that he has murdered the neighbour and handed over the jewellery of that neighbour to his wife.
(A) X is allowed to appear as a witness in court to depose that her husband has told her that he committed a murder
(B) X is not allowed to appear as a witness at all in any court
(C) X is not allowed to appear as a witness to depose what was told by the husband to her, however, she can depose what she saw
(D) X is an independent woman and she can do whatever she wants

157. Principle:Oral evidence must always be direct i.e. of the person who says he saw the event and hearsay evidence is no evidence.
Facts: X was told by Y (whom X trusts) that Z has murdered A
(A) Statement of X is admissible
(B) Statement of X is not admissible because he has not seen Z murdering A
(C) Statement of X is admissible because he trusts Y and Y never tells a lie
(D) Statement of X is admissible because he is a renowned social activist and has a huge reputation to fight for the truth 

158. Principle:Terms of any written contract can be proved by  producing the written contract
only and oral evidence is excluded.
Facts: A gives B receipt for money paid by B. Oral evidence is offered to prove payment.
(A) Oral evidence to prove payment is allowed
(B) Oral evidence to prove payment is not allowed
(C) Oral evidence is always allowed to prove all facts
(D) Oral evidence is generally disallowed

159. Principle:Employer is liable for the injury caused to the employee in the course of his employment.
Facts: X organized a party and hired a caterer. During the party, generator set went out of order and he requested one employee of caterer i.e. Y to bring the mechanic on his vehicle and promised to pay 1000 for the same to Y. Y met with an accident while going to fetch the mechanic and he seeks compensation.
(A) X is liable as Y was working in the course of employment offered by X
(B) X is not liable as Y is not his employee
(C) X is liable because party was organized by him
(D) Caterer is liable as Y is his employee

160. Principle:Master is liable for the acts of his servant done in the course of his duties.
Facts: X hired an employee Y in his construction business. Y was the property in-charge who received construction material and gave receipts for the material received by him. Z claimed payment for cement supplied to X which was duly received by Y. X denied the payment on the ground that he has only received half of the material and the balance was misutilized by the employee Y.
(A) X is liable for the entire amount
(B) X is liable for the part amount only i.e. for payment of the cost of half of the material
(C) X is not liable for the misconduct/embezzlement of his employee
(D) Z can claim the balance payment only from Y

 

Answer Key:

1. (b), 2. (d), 3. (b), 4. (d), 5. (a), 6. (a), 7. (a), 8. (a), 9. (b), 10. (b), 11. (b), 12. (d), 13. (b), 14. (d), 15. (a), 16. (a), 17. (a), 18. (a), 19. (b), 20. (b), 21. (b), 22. (d), 23. (b), 24. (a), 25. (c), 26. (d), 27. (a), 28. (b), 29. (b), 30. (a), 31. (a), 32. (a), 33. (a), 34. (a), 35. (c), 36. (a), 37. (a), 38. (b), 39. (a), 40. (b), 41. (a), 42. (b), 43. (c), 44. (d), 45. (d), 46. (b), 47. (a), 48. (d), 49. (a), 50. (c),51. (c), 52. (b), 53. (a), 54. (d), 55. (d),5 6. (c), 57. (b), 58. (a), 59. (a), 60. (a)

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(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2019 : General Knowledge and Current Affairs

Posted: 02 Aug 2019 03:23 AM PDT

 


(Paper) Previous Year Question Paper (BA LLB) - 2019

Section - II : General Knowledge and Current Affairs


41. The Chief Central Information Commissioner at present is:
(A) Sudhir Bhargava 
(B) R.K. Mathur
(C) Sridhar Acharyulu 
(D) Handu

42. India has recently set up the latest ISRO‘s Satellite Tracking and Data Reception Centre in:
(A) Maldives 
(B) Sri Lanka
(C) Bhutan
 (D) Nepal

43. The number of complaints with the Banking Ombudsman registered during 2018 increased by:
(A) 10% 
(B) 15%
(C) 20% 
(D) 25%

44. Which of the following formally quit from UNESCO recently?
(A) U.S.A 
(B) China
(C) Sweden 
(D) India

45. The maximum punishment for a cyber-stalker imposed by an anti-terrorism court in Pakistan is:
(A) 5 years 
(B) 14 years
(C) 10 years 
(D) 24 years

46. In a major relief to micro, small and medium enterprises, the GST Council has recently increased the tax exemption limit per annum to:
(A) 20 lakhs 
(B) 30 lakhs
(C) 40 lakhs 
(D) 60 lakhs

47. Which of the following fruits got the Geographical Indication during October 2018?
(A) Shahi Litchi 
(B) Laxman Bhog Mango
(C) Sirumalai Hill Banana 
(D) Mahabaleshwar Strawberry

48. The richest person in the world as per the details revealed in March 2019 is:
(A) Bill Gates 
(B) Jeff Bezos
(C) Amancio Ortega 
(D) Bernard Arnault

49. The number of EB – 5 visa applications,  also known as =cash for Green Card‘ visa to the U.S has increased in the last two years by about:
(A) 100% 
(B) 200%
(C) 300% 
(D) 400%

50. India purchased surveillance aircrafts (AWACS) during 2016 from:
(A) USA 
(B) France
(C) Russia 
(D) Israel

51. The fastest train in India  is:
(A) Gatiman Express 
(B) Shatabdi Express
(C) Vande Bharat 
(D) Rajdhani Express

52. The first humanoid police robot was introduced in the State of:
(A) Karnataka 
(B) Delhi
(C) Gujarat 
(D) Kerala

53. The world‘s first Diesel to Electric locomotive twin engine of 10,000 horse power was flagged off in:
(A) U.S.A.
 (B) China
(C) India 
(D) South Korea

54. The Headquarters of International Solar Alliance consisting of more than 121 countries is located in:
(A) India 
(B) South Africa
(C) Malaysia
 (D) China

55. The prestigious Seoul Peace Prize for 2018 was  conferred on:
(A) Kofi Annan
 (B) Angela Merkel
(C) Narendra Modi
 (D) Putin

56. Which of the following countries during 2019 provided life time personal tax exemption to women with four children?
(A) India 
(B) Hungary
(C) Norway 
(D) Finland

57. In the 64th Film Fare Award, who won  the best actress award?
(A) Katrina Kapoor 
(B) Priyanka Chopra
(C) Deepika Padukone 
D) Alia Bhatt

58. Recently, the Government of India relaxed the Angel Tax Norms for Start-ups and enhanced the investment limit to:
(A) Rs. 25 Crore 
(B) Rs. 20 Crore
(C) Rs. 15 Crore 
(D) Rs. 30 Crore

59. India‘s first Chairperson of Lokpal is:
(A) Justice Dipak Mishra 
(B) Justice Dilip Bhosale
(C) Justice P.C. Ghose 
(D) Justice Thakur

60. In how many phases the 17th Lok Sabha elections were held in 2019?
(A) Six 
(B) Seven
(C) Five 
(D) Eight

61. How many States went to polls along with the 2019 Lok Sabha elections?
(A) Three 
(B) Four
(C) Five 
(D) Two

62. The National Common Mobility Card (NCM C), launched by the Central Government recently is also dubbed as:
(A) One Nation One Card 
(B) Citizenship Card
(C) Aadhar Card 
(D) Shopping Card

63. Which of the following cities bagged the Cleanest City Award for three consecutive years?
(A) Mysore 
(B) Ahmedabad
(C) Chandigarh 
(D) Indore

64. Who is known as the =Father of Local Government in India‘?
(A) Lord Curzon 
(B) Lord Mayo
(C) Lord Wellesley 
(D) Lord Ripon

65. Under which of the following missions, India has successfully tested its first-ever Anti-Satellite (A-SAT) Missile capability?
(A) Mission Shakti 
(B) Mission Agni
(C) Mission Raftar 
(D) Mission Sahas

66. Which Indian personality is the recipient of the Oxford University's Bodley Medal 2019?
(A) Raghuram Rajan 
(B) Amartya Sen
(C) Manmohan Singh 
(D) Shashi Tharoor

67. What is the name of the book containing English translation of the 100 year old classic Punjabi poem about Jallianwala Bagh massacre?
(A) Drummer Hodge 
(B) Poems of the Jallianwala Bagh massacre
(C) Poems about war
(D) Khooni Vaisakhi

68. Which country has released a special stamp on Hindu​​​​​​​ epic Ramayana to commemorate the 70th anniversary of the diplomatic ties with India?
(A) Indonesia
(B) Bangladesh
(C) Sri Lanka 
(D) India

69. Which day is observed as International Mother Earth Day?
(A) April 20 
(B) April 21
(C) April 23
(D) April 22

70. Which state‘s Kandhamal Haldi (turmeric) received Geographical Indications (GI) tag recently?
(A) Odisha 
(B) Karnataka
(C) Kerala 
(D) Tamil Nadu

71. Which country‘s Navy department has signed first reliable communication link with the Indian Navy and Pacific Naval Commands under the COMCASA pact?
(A) Sri Lanka 
(B) Japan
(C) Russia 
(D) US

72. Name the script writer, who won the Deenanath Mangeshkar Lifetime Award 2019 recently.
(A) Javed Akhtar 
(B) Vishal Bhardwaj
(C) Anurag Kashyap 
(D) Salim Khan

73. Which space agency has recorded the first ?marsquake,? quake on the mars due to volcanic eruptions or land tides?
(A) JAXA (Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency)
(B) NASA (National Aeronautics and Space Administration)
(C) ISRO (Indian Space Research Organisation)
(D) Chines Space Agency

74. Name the third edition of bilateral maritime exercise between Australia and India that was held in Visakhapatnam.
(A) Vajra Prahar 
(B) Cobra Gold
(C) Ausindex 19 
(D) Ausind 19

75. Holkhomang Haokip, who passed away recently, was a ____________?
(A) Writer
 (B) Producer
(C) Football player 
(D) Politician

76. Name the Howitzers guns inducted into Indian Army recently.
(A) Dhanush 
(B) Panter
(C) M102 howitzer 
(D) BL 9.2-inch howitzer

77. Who was the first Indian President to visit Croatia?
(A) Abdul Kalam 
(B) Pratibha Patil
(C) Pranab Mukherjee 
(D) Ram Nath Kovind

78. Which Island was notified as Island Protection Zone (IPZ) 2019 by Union Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change recently?
(A) Andaman and Nicobar Island 
(B) Kurumgad Island
(C) Khanderi Island 
(D) Worli Island

79. Name the organization, which released the report on food crises titled =Global Report on Food Crises‘ annually.
(A) International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI)
(B) Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO)
(C) Food Corporation of India (FCI)
(D) Food Security Information Network (FSIN)

80. Which is the happiest country as per the 2019  World Happiness Index?
(A) Finland 
(B) Denmark
(C) Norway 
(D) Sweden

81. The Headquarters of Asian Development Bank is situated in
(A) Manila, Philippines 
(B) Jakarta, Indonesia
(C) Colombo, Sri Lanka 
(D) Honoi, Vietnam 

82. The =Golden Peacock‘ Award is given for excellence in
(A) Corporate Social Responsibility 
(B) Energy Savings
(C) Literature 
(D) Corporate Governance

83. Which planet is known as Red Planet?
(A) Venus 
(B) Mercury
(C) Mars 
(D) Neptune

84. What is Psephology?
(A) Statistical study of elections, voting, etc.
(B) Study of rainfall pattern
(C) Study of gene disorder
(D) Study of female prisoners

85. The Global Teacher Award, 2019 was awarded to a teacher in:
(A) South Korea 
(B) Japan
(C) Canada 
(D) Kenya

86. Which state in India is the first State to achieve 100 percent sanitation coverage?
(A) Andhra Pradesh 
(B) Karnataka
(C) Sikkim 
(D) Manipur

87. The book titled =God Save the Honourable Supreme Court‘ was authored by:
(A) Soli Sorabjee 
(B) Fali S. Nariman
(C) K.K. Venugopal
(D) Justice Katju

88. The book titled =Anita Gets Bail‘ was authored by:
(A) Amitab Ghosh 
(B) Kiran Bedi
(C) Indira Jaisingh
(D) Arun Shourie

89. The first Indian Athlete to qualify for Olympics 2020 is:
(A) K.T. Irfan 
(B) Jinson Johnson
(C) Tintu Lukka
 (D) Sunita Rani

90. The South Asian nation that has  won the SAFF Women‘s Championship for five times successively is:
(A) Nepal 
(B) India
(C) Sri Lanka 
(D) Bhutan

Answer Key:

1. (a), 2. (c), 3. (d), 4. (a), 5. (d), 6. (c), 7. (a), 8. (b), 9. (c), 10. (d), 11. (c), 12. (d), 13. (c), 14. (a), 15. (c), 16. (b), 17. (d), 18. (a), 19. (c), 20. (b), 21. (a), 22. (a), 23. (d), 24. (d), 25. (a), 26. (b), 27. (d), 28. (a), 29. (d), 30. (a), 31. (d), 32. (d), 33. (b), 34. (c), 35. (d), 36. (a), 37. (d), 38. (a), 39. (d), 40. (a), 41. (a), 42. (d), 43. (c), 44. (a), 45. (d), 46. (c), 47. (b), 48. (d), 49. (a), 50. (b)

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(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2019 : Elementary Mathematics (Numerical Ability)

Posted: 02 Aug 2019 03:02 AM PDT


(Paper) Previous Year Question Paper (BA LLB) - 2019

Section - III : Elementary Mathematics ( Numerical Ability )


91. The Municipality of a town increases water tax by 20% and water consumption decreased by 20%. Then the percentage of increase or decrease in the monthly expenditure is:
(A) 4% increase
(B) 4% decrease
(C) 5% increase 
(D) 5% decrease

92. A child was born on 13th January 1976 which was a Tuesday. What day of the week will be the child‘s birth day in the year 1986?
(A) Sunday 
(B) Friday
(C) Saturday
(D) Monday

93. The perimeter of a rectangle is 60 cms. If its length is twice its breadth, then its area is:
(A) 200 cm2
(B) 180 cm2
(C) 160 cm2
(D) 220 cm2

94. A tree grows at the rate of 1/5th of its height  annually. By how much height will it grow after 2 years, if its present height is 75 cms? 
(A) 108 cms 
(B) 90 cms
(C) 144 cms 
(D) 112 cms

95. A train 600 meters long is running at a speed  of 90 kms/hr. If it crosses a tunnel in one minute, then the length of the tunnel is:
(A) 500 meters 
(B) 550 meters
(C) 600 meters 
(D) 900 meters

96. A book seller sold a box of 10 pencils for Rs. 80 and incurred a loss. Had he sold it for Rs. 98, his gain would have been twice the loss he incurred earlier. The cost price of the box of pencils is:
(A) Rs. 84
(B) Rs. 86
(C) Rs. 88 
(D) Rs. 90

97. In a 100 meters race, A beats B by 20 meters B  beats C by 5 meters. In the same race,A beats C by:
(A) 26 meters 
(B) 25 meters
(C) 24 meters 
(D) 22 meters

98. Beena got married 8 years ago. Today, her age is  11/4 times her age at the time of marriage.If her daughter‘s age is 1/10 times her age, then her daughter‘s age is:
(A) 3 years 
(B) 4 years
(C) 5 years 
(D) 2 years

99. A clock gains 2 minutes every hour. Then the angle traversed by the second hand in one minute is:
(A) 360
(B) 3700
(C) 390
(D) 3720

100. 80% of students of a class took Statistics and 45% took Mathematics. If each student took Statistics or Mathematics and 40 took both, the total number of students in the class was:
(A) 160
(B) 180
(C) 200
(D) 225

101. Kiran‘s brother is 5 years older to her. Her father was 30 years old when Kiran's sister was born, while her mother was 28 years old when Kiran was born. If Kiran's sister was 2 years old when her brother was born, what was the age of their father when Kiran's brother was born?
(A) 32
(B) 34
(C) 37 
(D) 30

102. If Second Saturday and Sunday of every month is   a holiday, then the total number of working days in a month of 31 days beginning with a Wednesday will be
(A) 23 
(B) 24
(C) 25 
(D) 26

103. A mess contractor can either serve 450 students with the meal that he prepares or can cater to 270 cops with the same meal. If 300 students have already eaten in the mess, how many cops can be fed with the remaining meal?
(A) 20
(B) 45
(C) 90 
(D) 180

104. A car driver increases the average speed of his car by 3 km/hr every hour. The total distance travelled in 7 hours if the distance covered in first hour was 30 km, is
(A) 266 km 
(B) 273 km
(C) 280 km
(D) 287 km

105. A grocer mixes coffee powder of 2 types, one of which is priced at Rs. 60 and the other at Rs. 90. What should be the ratio of combining the two, to sell the blended mix coffee powder of the two types at Rs. 80?
(A) 2:1 
(B) 2:3
(C) 1:2 
(D) 3:2

106. The smallest number that should be subtracted from 2085, so that the new number is completely divisible by  23 is
(A) 9 
(B) 15
(C) 20 
(D) 19

107. A tank is connected to three pipes – Pipe A, B and C. Pipe A can fill the tank in 6 hours,B can fill the tank in 8 hours and Pipe C can empty the full tank in 12 hours. How much time will it take to fill the tank completely if all three pipes are working together?
(A) 4 hours 
(B) 4 hours 48 minutes
(C) 5 hours 
(D) 5 hours 20 minutes

108. Naresh bought a bicycle each for his two sons, each bicycle priced at Rs. 3500. If the first bicycle is sold at a profit of 5%, the how much should the other bicycle be sold for, to gain a total   of 20% on both?
(A) 15% 
(B) 10%
(C) 25%
(D) 35%

109. An employee of an organization invests a total of Rs 25,400 in two different schemes X and Y at a simple interest rate of 18% per annum and 10% per annum respectively. If a total of Rs. 6460 has been earned as simple interest in 2 years, what amount was invested in Scheme Y?
(A) Rs. 8,625
(B) Rs. 16,775
(C) Rs. 12,240
(D) Rs. 10,930

110. The difference between Simple Interest and Compound Interest on Rs. 500 for 1 year at 10% per annum, reckoned half yearly is
(A) Rs. 1 
(B) Rs. 1.25
(C) Rs. 1.5 
(D) Rs. 2 

Answer Key:

1. (b), 2. (d), 3. (a), 4. (a), 5. (d), 6. (b), 7. (c), 8. (cancelled), 9. (d), 10. (a), 11. (a), 12. (d), 13. (c), 14. (b), 15. (c), 16. (b), 17. (b), 18. (d), 19. (b), 20. (b)

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(Paper) CLAT UG Question Paper 2019 : English Comprehension

Posted: 02 Aug 2019 02:42 AM PDT


(Paper) Previous Year Question Paper (BA LLB) - 2019

Section - I : English Comprehension


Directions: From each set of sentences given below in question 1 to 10, choose the sentence that is grammatically correct.

1. (A) A few judges have  cut short their vacation to clear a long pending cases.
(B) A few judges have cut short vacation to clear the long pending cases.
(C) A few judges has cut short its vacation to clear the long pending cases.
(D) A few judges have cut short their vacation to clear the long pending cases.

2. (A) Where‘s Hari? Here is he, right in front of us!
(B) Where‘s Hari? Here he is, right in front of us!
(C) Wheres‘ Hari? He is here, right in front of us!
(D) Where‘s Hari? Is he here, right in front of us!

3. (A) Customs officer‘s do  not allow passenger to carry banned items into or out of the country.
(B) Customs officers does not allow passengers to carry banned items into or out of country.
(C) Customs officers do not allows passengers to carry banned items into or out of country.
(D) Customs officers do not allow passengers to carry banned items into or out of the country.

4. (A) Neither this nor that machine is working.
(B) Neither this nor that machine are working.
(C) Neither this and that machine is working.
(D) Neither this but that machine is working.

5. (A) I shall be doing a MBA online, and continue with my present job.
(B) I shall do a MBA online, and continue with my present job.
(C) I shall do an MBA online, and continue with my present job.
(D) I shall do an MBA online, but continuing with my present job.

6. (A) As soon as I boarded the train, I realized that I left my wallet at home.
(B) As soon as I boarded the train, I realize that I had left wallet at home.
(C) As soon as I board the train, I realized that I leave my wallet at home.
(D) As soon as I boarded the train, I realized that I had left my wallet at home.

7. (A) We can take either the morning flight nor the one in the afternoon.
(B) We can take neither the morning flight or the one in the afternoon.
(C) We can take either morning flight or the one in afternoon.
(D) We can take either the morning flight or the one in the afternoon.

8. (A) The management have promised that it will consider my appeal.
(B) The management has promised that it will consider my appeal.
(C) The management has promise that they will consider my appeal.
(D) The management has promised that it will considered my appeal.

9. (A) Tourists must follow the norms set upon the country they visit.
(B) Tourists must follow norms set by country they visit.
(C) Tourists must follow the norms set by the country they visit.
(D) Tourists must follow the norms set by the country they visits.

10. (A) An important file, along with two uniforms, are missing from the police station.
(B) A important file, along with two uniforms, is missed from the police station.
(C) An important files, along with two uniforms, are missing from the police station.
(D) An important file, along with two uniforms, is missing from the police station.

FOR QUESTIONS 11 TO 15 (SEQUENCING OF SENTENCES)

Directions: In each of the questions given below in questions 11 to 15, each sentence is labelled with a letter. From the given choices, choose the most logical order of sentences that constructs a coherent paragraph.

11. a. One of them copied and pasted large portions of the required text from a website.
b. Before assigning the project to his students, the guide gave a presentation on plagiarism.
c. The expulsion order that followed was not alarming.
d. A few students did not pay much heed to the consequences of the illegal act.
(A) cabd
(B) dbca
(C) badc 
(D) bdac

12. a. Goals are set, and relevant data is collected and analyzed.
b. Strategies are made on the basis of the data and resources made available.
c. There are various stages in framing a management- strategy, and its implementation.
d. The strategies are implemented and monitored to ensure that the goals are achieved.
(A) abdc
(B) acbd
(C) cabd 
(D) cbad

13. a. Despite the  awareness, some citizens fail to pay their taxes honestly.
b. One of the factors that impacts our country‘s economy is income- tax.
c. Awareness regarding this aspect of our economy is often made through the education system and media.
d. Most of these defaulters not only get into trouble, but they also create additional work for the income-tax department.
(A) adbc
(B) cbad
(C) bcad 
(D) bdac

14. a. The responsible citizen helped to foil the plan of a hijack.
b. The deep pockets of his leather jacket contained what had been feared!
c. A person called up the airport and gave a message.
d. All the passengers were carefully frisked, and one of them was asked to step aside.
(A) badc 
(B) cdba
(C) dacb
(D) cdab

15. a. In the following years, more layers of snow add up to the existing mass.
b. Consequently, the weight of the snow compresses and turns into solid ice.
c. Most glaciers are found near the Poles.
d. They begin to form when snow remains in the same area all year round.
(A) acbd 
(B) cdba
(C) abdc
(D) cdab

Directions: Choose the correct meaning for each of the foreign language words and phrases given below in questions 16 to 20.

16. inter vivos
(A) a transaction made for obtaining a legacy
(B) an agreement to promote the welfare of one‘s country
(C) a transaction made between living people
(D) an agreement between warring nations

17. quantum ramifactus
(A) the amount of damages suffered
(B) the quality of goods supplied
(C) the amount of relief given for damages caused
(D) the weightage given to someone‘s suggestion

18. malus

(A) mass 
(B) harmless
(C) harmful
(D) comforting

19. Volvo
(A) I roll 
(B) I run
(C) I leap 
(D) I jump

20. Charade
(A) series 
(B) charter
(C) pretense 
(D) spate

Directions: Choose the correctly spelled words in questions 21 to 25 to fill in the blanks.

21. Malti Ahuja is making a sincere effort to pay off her ——————.
(A) crediter 
(B) creditar
(C) credittor
(D) creditor

22. It is our responsibility to leave a green and clean world for our ——————.
(A) descendents
(B) decendants
(C) descendants
(D) descendantes

23. The patient‘s death was the result of sheer —————— on the part of the surgeon.
(A) negligience 
(B) negligence
(C) negligennce 
(D) neglegence

24. The scientist‘s biography is a blatant —————— of facts.
(A) misrepresentation 
(B) misreprezentation
(C) misrepresentetion
(D) misreprisentation

25. It was a ———  ——— to work with these scientists.
(A) previlege
(B) priviledge
(C) privilige
(D) privilege 

Directions for Questions 26 to 30: Fill in the blank with the correct options.

26. Son, ————— —! Research the company before you apply for the job.
(A) build castles in the air
(B) hit the ceiling
(C) get off on the wrong foot 
(D) hold your horses

27. Please, ———— ——! This is not the time to get anxious.
(A) pull yourself together
(B) pass the buck
(C) bark up the wrong tree
(D) go on a wild goose chase

28. In our company, we don‘t accept such carelessly done work. ——————
(A) So far so good.
(B) Get your act together.
(C) We‘ll cross the bridge when we come to it.
(D) Your guess is as good as mine.

29. I can‘t work on this assignment anymore! I think I have ——————.
(A) broken the ice 
(B) added insult to injury
(C) chewed cud
(D) bitten off more than I can chew

30. I‘m a historian.  I‘m a —————— in this seminar on robots!
(A) drop in the bucket
(B) fish out of water
(C) fly in the ointment
(D) fly on the wall

Directions for Questions 31 to 40: The questions in this section are based on what is stated or implied in the passage given below. For each question, choose the option that most accurately and completely answers the question.

The words invention and Innovation are closely linked, but they are not interchangeable. The inventor is a genius who uses his intellect, imagination, time and resources to create something that does not exist. But this invention may or may not be of utility to the masses. It is the enterprising innovator who uses various resources, skills and time to make the invention available for use. The innovator might use the invention as it is, modify it or even blend two or more inventions to make one marketable product. A great example is that of the  iPhone which is a combination of various inventions. 
If an invention is the result of countless trials and errors, so can be the case with an innovation. Not every attempt to make an invention is successful. Not every innovation sees the light of the day. Benjamin Franklin had the belief that success doesn‘t come without challenge, mistake, and in a few cases failure. One of the world‘s most famous innovators, Steve Jobs says, ―Sometimes when you innovate, you make mistakes. It is best to admit them quickly and get on with improving your other innovations. 

Thus, inventors and innovators have to be intrepid enough to take risks; consider failures as stepping stones and not stumbling blocks. Some inventions are the result of a keen observation or a simple discovery. The inventor of Velcro, also called the zipless zipper, is the Swiss engineer George de Mestral. He was hiking in the woods when he found burrs clinging to his clothes and his dog‘s fur. Back at home, he studied the burrs. He discovered that each burr was a collection of tiny hooks which made it cling on to another object. A few years later, he made and patented the strips of fabric that came to us as Velcro. 

The world of inventions and innovations is a competitive one. But the race does not end here; it is also prevalent in the case of getting intellectual property rights. There have been inventors who failed to get a single patent while there have been some who managed to amass numerous patents in their lifetime. Thomas Edison had 1,093 patents to his credit! We relate the telephone with Alexander Graham Bell. It is believed that around the same time, Antonio Meucci had also designed the telephone, but due to lack of resources and various hardships, he could not proceed with the patent of his invention. It is also believed that Elisha Gray had made a design for the telephone and applied for the patent at the U.S. patent office on the same day as Graham Bell did. By sheer chance, Graham‘s lawyer‘s turn to file the papers came first. Hence, Graham was granted the first patent for the telephone. It is not easy, and at times almost impossible, for an inventor to be an innovator too. There are very few like Thomas Edison who graduated from being an incredible inventor to a successful manufacturer and businessman with brilliant marketing skills.

While innovations that have helped to enhance the quality of life are laudable, equally laudable are the inventions that laid the foundation of these very innovations.

31. The text in the passage can be best termed as
(A) narrative
(B) descriptive
(C) persuasive 
(D) expository

32. The main idea of the author is to
(A) highlight the difficulties faced by innovators.
(B) focus on the hardships of patent -seekers.
(C) compare innovators to inventors.
(D) reveal the importance of inventors.

33. The author believes that
(A) innovators enhance the utility of inventions.
(B) innovators face fewer challenges than inventors do.
(C) every inventor has a patent for the invention.
(D) invention is the same as innovation.

34. Benjamin Franklin and  Steve Jobs, believe that
(A) there is no place for mistakes in the process of making an innovation.
(B) making a mistake before finding success is not unusual.
(C) failure is a permanent stumbling block.
(D) all innovators have to go through failure.

35. Velcro can be best described as
(A) a highly-planned and deeply researched invention
(B) the fruit of failure
(C) the need of the hour
(D) an accidental invention

36. It is believed that Graham Bell  became the first patent holder of the telephone because of
(A) his ingenuity and good fortune.
(B) the carelessness of Elisha‘s lawyer.
(C) the clever trick played by his lawyer.
(D) the biased officials in the patent office.

37. Which of the following is Untrue?
(A) Inventors may not be innovators.
(B) Innovators are not expected to be enterprising.
(C) To get a patent, the applicant has to follow a legal process.
(D) Intellectual property rights are not always easy to get.

38. Which of the following texts from the passage clearly indicates failure?
(A) The world of inventions and innovations is a competitive one.
(B) Not every innovation sees the light of the day.
(C) Thus, inventors and innovators have to be intrepid enough to take risks;
(D) None of the above

39. Which of these words can replace the word intrepid?
(A) hasty 
(B) intellectual
(C) daring 
(D) rich

40. Which of these words is the antonym of laudable?
(A) praiseworthy 
(B) challenging
(C) tiring 
(D) disgraceful 

Answer Key:

1. (d), 2. (b), 3. (d), 4. (a), 5. (c), 6. (d), 7. (d), 8. (c), 9. (d), 10. (d), 11. (c), 12. (c), 13. (c), 14. (b), 15. (d), 16. (c), 17. (a), 18. (c), 19. (a), 20. (c), 21. (d), 22. (c & a), 23. (b), 24. (a), 25. (d), 26. (d), 27. (a), 28. (b), 29. (d), 30. (b), 31. (d), 32. (c), 33. (a), 34. (b), 35. (d), 36. (a), 37. (b), 38. (b), 39. (c), 40. (d)

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